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Other Intellectual Property and Digital Rights Specifications
| This category includes a number of specifications and recommendations related to the Intellectual Property and Digital Rights area which either are not targeted specifically to the learning technologies field either have been developed by institutions not specifically focused to defining standards. |
Open Digital Rights Language
World Wide Web Consortium
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The Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) is a language proposed by the W3C for the Digital Rights Management (DRM) community for the standardisation of expressing rights information over content. The ODRL is intended to provide flexible and interoperable mechanisms to support transparent and innovative use of digital resources in publishing, distributing and consuming of electronic publications, digital images, audio and movies, learning objects, computer software and other creations in digital form. The ODRL has no license requirements and is available in the spirit of "open source" software.
DRM involves the description, layering, analysis, valuation, trading and monitoring of the rights over an enterprise's tangible and intangible assets. DRM covers the digital management of rights - be they rights in a physical manifestation of a work (eg a book), or be they rights in a digital manifestation of a work (eg an ebook). Current methods of managing, trading and protecting such assets are inefficient, proprietary, or else often require the information to be wrapped or embedded in a physical format.
A key feature of digitally managing rights will be the substantial increase in re-use of digital material on the Internet as well as the increased efficiency for physical material. The pervasive Internet is changing the nature of distribution of digital media from a passive one way flow (from Publisher to the End User) to a much more interactive cycle where creations are re-used, combined and extended ad infinitum. At all stages, the rights need to be managed and honoured with trusted services.
Current DRM technologies include languages for describing the terms and conditions, tracking asset usages by enforcing controlled environments or encoded asset manifestations, and closed architectures for the overall management of rights.
The ODRL provides the semantics for DRM expressions in open and trusted environments whilst being agnostic to mechanisms to achieve the secure architectures.More info |
ISO MPEG-21 Rights Expression Language
ISO logo
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ISO/IEC 21000-5:2004, Information technology - Multimedia framework (MPEG 21) - Part 5: Rights Expression Language, is an XML-based language for expressing rights related to the use and distribution of digital content as well as access to services. In addition to helping content owners provide information about the rights, terms, and conditions associated with each multimedia resource.
This standard:
- Supports a wide variety of business models in the digital content distribution value-chain independent of content type or industry;
- Provides an extremely flexible authorization model to describe what the consumer or user is permitted to do with the content;
- Is independent of formats, products, security technology or other digital rights management (DRM) system components;
- Enables automated multi-tier distribution of digital content while protecting the rights of the content owners and the interests of the users;
- Is a precise, unambiguous, machine-readable language that can be used in conjunction with other industry standards, including those addressing Web services;
- Is ready for immediate implementation to support digital content sales or the distribution of enterprise information.
An application of REL in the e-learning context can be found hereMore info |
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