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Other Vocabularies Specifications
| This category includes a number of specifications and recommendations related to the "Vocabularies and Glossaries" area which either are not targeted specifically to the learning technologies field either have been developed by institutions not specifically focused to defining standards. |
Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)
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The Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) is an RDF vocabulary (developed by the W3C) for representing semi-formal knowledge organization systems (KOSs), such as thesauri, taxonomies, classification schemes and subject heading lists. Because SKOS is based on the Resource Description Framework (RDF) these representations are machine-readable and can be exchanged between software applications and published on the World Wide Web.
SKOS has been designed to provide a low-cost migration path for porting existing organization systems to the Semantic Web. SKOS also provides a lightweight, intuitive conceptual modeling language for developing and sharing new KOSs. It can be used on its own, or in combination with more-formal languages such as the Web Ontology Language (OWL). SKOS can also be seen as a bridging technology, providing the missing link between the rigorous logical formalism of ontology languages such as OWL and the chaotic, informal and weakly-structured world of Web-based collaboration tools, as exemplified by social tagging applications.
The aim of SKOS is not to replace original conceptual vocabularies in their initial context of use, but to allow them to be ported to a shared space, based on a simplified model, enabling wider re-use and better interoperability.SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Primer |
ASPECT Vocabulary Bank for Education (VBE)
An example of a vocabulary service can be seen in the ASPECT Vocabulary Bank for Education (VBE).
It is a repository in which multilingual terms and vocabularies are published. The VBE is a Web application that enables participants to search or browse vocabularies and allows for the import and export of vocabularies in several exchange formats. It manages all historical information relating to terms and vocabularies and has a RESTful API for synchronisation between systems. Some of the vocabularies are used for live validation of Learning Resource Exchange metadata.
ASPECT has also produced a report on representation of vocabularies and formats for supporting interoperability between systems that utilize them for classification, indexing and retrieval purposes. Multilinguality and semantic interoperability are seen as a priority.ASPECT Vocabulary Bank for Education |
Zthes
The Zthes family of specifications facilitate interoperability for applications that deal with thesauri - semantic hierarchies of terms as described in ISO 2788 and ANSI/NISO Z39.19.
Zthes originated from work related to the Z39.50 search protocol and is a widely used specification internationally, especially in library communities. The Zthes abstract model (currently version 1.0) is represented in an XML format. An extended version of Zthes v1.0 is used extensively in the UK as part of the Department for Children, Education and Families Vocabulary Management Service and the ASPECT Vocabulary Bank for Education.Zthes Web Site |
Topic Maps
Topic Maps is a standard for the representation and interchange of knowledge, with an emphasis on the findability of information. The ISO standard is formally known as ISO/IEC 13250:2003.
Topic Maps provide links between concepts and are similar to Concept Maps or Mind Maps. The ISO/IEC 13250:2003 that can be used to express curriculum and vocabulary information. A topic map uses topics (that can be any concept such as people, events or ideas), associations (the relationships between topics), and occurrences (information about a topic).Topic Maps Web Site |
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