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IMS Question and Test Interoperability - Overview
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These contents have been obtained from the IMS web site and edited for presentation. Please refer to the IMS web site for additional information on terms of use.
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IMS Global Learning Consortium
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The IMS Question & Test Interoperability (QTI) specification describes a data model for the representation of question (assessmentItem) and test (assessmentTest) data and their corresponding results reports. Therefore, the specification enables the exchange of test and results data between authoring tools, item banks, test constructional tools, learning systems and assessment delivery systems. The data model is described abstractly, using UML to facilitate binding to a wide range of data-modelling tools and programming languages, however, for interchange between systems a binding is provided to the industry standard eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and use of this binding is strongly recommended. The IMS QTI specification has been designed to support both interoperability and innovation through the provision of well-defined extension points. These extension points can be used to wrap specialized or proprietary data in ways that allows it to be used alongside items that can be represented directly.IMS Question & Test Interoperability |
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These contents have been obtained from the IMS web site and edited for presentation. Please refer to the IMS web site for additional information on terms of use.
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Introduction
The Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) Specification describes a basic structure for the representation of question (item) and test (assessment) data and their corresponding results reports. Therefore, the specification enables the exchange of this test, assessment and results data between Learning Management Systems, as well as content authors and, content libraries and collections. The QTI Specification is defined in XML to promote the widest possible adoption. The QTI Specification is extensible and customizable to permit immediate adoption, even in specialized or proprietary systems. Leading suppliers and consumers of learning products, services and content contributed time and expertise to produce this final specification. |
The QTI Structures
The four core data structures that can be exchanged using IMS QTI are:
- Item(s) - one of more Items can be contained within a QTI-XML instance. The Item is the smallest independent unit that can be exchanged using IMS QTI. An Item cannot be composed of other Items. An Item is more than a 'Question' in that it contains the 'Question', the presentation/rendering instructions, the response processing to be applied to the participant's response s), the feedback that may be presented (including hints and solutions) and the meta-data describing the Item.
- Section(s) - one or more Sections can be contained within a QTI-XML instance. A Section can contain any mixture of Sections and/or Items. A Section is used to support two different needs:
- To represent different grouping constructs as defined by the appropriate educational paradigm e.g. a Section could be equivalent to a subject topic
- To constrain the extent of the sequencing instructions and to control the ways in which the different possible sequences may be constructed.
- Assessment - only one Assessment can be contained within a QTI-XML instance. It is not possible to define relationships between the Assessments. Each Assessment must contain at least one Section, thus it is not possible to have Items housed directly within an Assessment. The Assessment contains all of the necessary instructions to enable variable sequencing of the Items and the corresponding aggregated scoring for all of the Items to produce the final score.
- Object bank - the bundling together a collection of data objects (sections and/or Items) can be labelled as an object bank i.e. a group of Items can be grouped to produce an Item-bank.
The core Results Reporting data structures are:
- Result - the set of results relevant to an actual attempt of an assessment or some other form of evaluation. Multiple instances for a single participant can be contained within the IMS QTI Results Reporting package.
- Context - the contextual information concerning the actual result being reported e.g. the name, of the participant, participant identifiers, etc.
- Summary_result - the summary information for a particular instance of the evaluation. Each result can contain only one set of summary information.
- Assessment_result - the detailed assessment information for a particular attempt at the assessment. Each result can contain information about one assessment only (this includes descriptions of any contained section and items).
- Section_result - the detailed information about the section(s) completed, or to being attempted. Each result can contain information about one section (this includes descriptions of any contained sections and/or items).
- Item_result - the detailed information about the item(s) completed, or to being attempted. Each result can contain information about one item.
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QTILite
Due to the complexity of the QTI specification, a simpler version, named QTILite, has also been published. QTILite is the simplest form of a QTI-compliant system.
QTILite supports multiple-choice questions (this includes the true/false questions) only and limits the rendering form to the classical one response from a set of choices. Multiple Items can be exchanged in a single QTI-XML instance but Assessments and Sections are not supported. The QTILite specification is a standalone document in that none of the others are required to understand and construct QTILite-compliant systems. All QTILite compliant Items are compliant with the full IMS QTI specifications but they are not backwards compatible. |
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These contents have been obtained from the IMS web site and edited for presentation. Please refer to the IMS web site for additional information on terms of use.
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General Information
Title: IMS Question and Test Interoperability Addendum
Version: 2.1
Release Date: 28 March 2008
Status: Public Draft (revision 2) update
Editors: Steve Lay (University of Cambridge), Pierre Gorissen (CURF) |
Electronic Version:
This version of the IMS QTI specification is composed of the following documents:- IMS Question & Test Interoperability Addendum (HTML)
- IMS Question & Test Interoperability Overview (HTML)
- IMS Question & Test Interoperability Assessment Test, Section, and Item Information Model (HTML)
- IMS Question & Test Interoperability XML Binding (HTML)
- IMS Question & Test Interoperability Results Reporting (HTML)
- IMS Question & Test Interoperability Implementation Guide (HTML)
- IMS Question & Test Interoperability Integration Guide (HTML)
- IMS Question & Test Interoperability Conformance Guide (HTML)
- IMS Question & Test Interoperability Meta-data and Usage Data (HTML)
- IMS Question & Test Interoperability Migration Guide (HTML)
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Tracking of changes
This QTI 2.1 v2 release completes the update from 1.x to 2.x by replacing those remaining parts of the QTI specification.
This v2.1 Public Draft Version 2 specification is a draft and liable to change before the completion of the Final specification. This draft addresses many of the issues raised with the v2.0 specification, resolution of other remaining issues will be included in the Final release.
Based on feedback from implementers and reviewers of the specification, the QTI project group has made bug fixes and updates to some of the examples, the specification documents, and the XML schema. The changes are summarized in this Addendum document and the updated examples and schema are also made available on the IMS website below.
The QTI project group encourages IMS GLC members and subscribers, as well as the general public to use this version of the specification to meet their assessment needs. The project group continues to work toward demonstrating interoperability based on actual implementations of the specification as a core requirement to move the specification to Final Release. To contribute to this process, share your implementations, or discuss profiling options, please contact Mark McKell, mmckell@imsglobal.org |
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These contents have been obtained from the IMS web site. Please refer to the IMS web site for additional information on terms of use.
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| An initial V0.5 specification was released for discussion in March 1999 and the corresponding Base Document was agreed in November 1999. The first Public Draft Specification was released in February 2000 and the IMS Question & Test Interoperability v1.0 specifications were released in their final form in May 2000. A version 1.01 update was released in August 2000. During the development of these specifications and their subsequent adoption by the community, several areas of further work were identified and the '1.x' versions of the IMS QTI Specifications were scoped to address these issues. Version 1.1 was released in March 2001 and contained the introduction of the QTILite specification. Results reporting was introduced in V1.2, released in January 2002, as was the concept of 'selection & ordering' and 'outcomes processing'. |
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These contents have been obtained from the IMS web site and edited for presentation. Please refer to the IMS web site for additional information on terms of use.
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Other IMS specifications
The IMS QTIspecification is related to several other IMS specifications, both complete and in progress. This specification is intended to be consistent with these other initiatives wherever possible, in order to reduce redundancy and confusion between specifications. The related specifications are:- IMS Meta-data Specification - the IMS Q&TI specification shares a number of common data object elements with the IMS Meta-data specification. A set of unique meta-data extensions are also used and these are defined within the Q&TI specifications themselves.
- IMS Content Packaging Specification - the IMS QTI data model is a subset of the Content Packaging data model i.e. Q&TI Assessments, Sections and Items are defined as content and their XML can be inserted into a Content Packaging instance.
- IMS Learner Information Packaging Specification - this specification can be used as an alternative results reporting mechanism.
- IMS Sequencing Specification - this specification is an extension of the IMS Content Packaging specification to control the way in which the sequencing of the associated content.
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